Definition of Zwitterion

A  zwitterion is a molecule that contains both positively and negatively charged functional groups, and the net charge of the entire molecule is zero. Amino acids are the best-known examples of  zwitterions. They contain an amine group (basic) and a carboxyl group (acidic).

Soil Compaction - 9893 Words

FM 5-410 CHAPTER 8 Soil Compaction Soil compaction is one of the most critical components in the construction of roads, airfields, embankments, and foundations. The durability and stability of a structure are related to the achievement of proper soil compaction. Structural failure of roads and airfields and the damage caused by foundation settlement can often be traced back to the failure to achieve proper soil compaction. Compaction is the process of mechanically densifying a soil. Densification is accomplished by pressing the soil particles together into a close state of contact with air being expelled from the soil mass in the process. Compaction, as used here, implies dynamic compaction or densification by the application†¦show more content†¦Volume change is generally not a great concern in relation to compaction except for clay soils where compaction does have a marked influence. For these soils, the greater the density, the greater the potential volume change due to swelling, unless the soil is restrai ned. An expansive clay soil should be compacted at a moisture content at which swelling will not exceed 3 percent. Although the conditions corresponding to a minimum swell and minimum shrinkage may not be exactly the same, soils in which volume change is a factor generally may be compacted so that these effects are minimized. The effect of swelling on bearing capacity is important and is evaluated by the standard method used by the US Army Corps of Engineers in preparing samples for the CBR test. Section II. Design Considerations MOISTURE-DENSITY RELATIONSHIPS Nearly all soils exhibit a similar relationship between moisture content and dry density when subjected to a given compactive effort (see Figure 8-1). For each soil, a maximum dry density develops at an OMC for the compactive effort used. The OMC at which maximum density is obtained is the moisture content at which the soil becomes sufficiently workable under a given compactive effort to cause the soil particles to become so closely packed that most of the air is expelled. For most soils (except cohesionless sands), when the moisture content is less than optimum, the soil is more difficult to compact. Beyond optimum, most soilsShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Test Results2141 Words   |  9 Pagesof Test Results Problems with guessing the compaction curve from the Family of Curves Out in the field, some testers interpolate a compaction curve to represent the material using the Alberta Family of Curves. One of the goals of this applied research, was to test the accuracy of this method. It was concluded that the only true way to verify the legimitacy of this curve is by doing index testing such as atterberg limits and grain size analysis on the soil. The City of Edmonton does require the testingRead MoreInvestigating The Relationship Between Molding Water Content And Dry Unit Weight Of Soils Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of this experiment was to determine the relationship between molding water content and dry unit weight of soils. This was done by performing the laboratory compaction test using standard effort on the same soil at different moisture contents. When the density of the soil is plotted over moisture content, a concave down curve is generated. This is because adding moisture increases density until it reaches its optimal moisture, then adding further moisture decreases density. UnderstandingRead MoreBenefits Of A Sustainable Soil Management Essay1427 Words   |  6 Pages Sustainable soil management is about the fruitful management of agricultural resources to fulfill human needs while preserving or enhancing environmental excellence and conserving natural resources for future groups. Enhancement in agricultural sustainability entails, together with effective water and crop management, the optimal utilization and soil fertility management and soil physical properties, which depend on biological processes and biodiversity in the soil. These finding a proper choicesRead MoreEvaluation Of A Project Feasibility Study For Geotechnical Projects1629 Words   |  7 PagesAbandoned sites due to undesirable soil bearing capacities dramatically increased, and the outcome of this was the scarcity of land and increased demand for natural resources. Affected areas include those which were susceptible to liquefaction and those covered with soft clay and organic soils. Other areas were those in a landslide and contaminated land. However, in most geotechnical project s, it is not possible to obtain a construction site that will meet the design requirements without ground modificationRead MoreFactors that Affect Plant Growth1095 Words   |  4 Pagesmany different variables. Temperature, amount of sunlight and pH of soil are all factors that can affect the growth and development of a plant. Environmental factors can either allow plants to thrive, or leave them unable to grow and die. One important factor is the quality of the soil the plant is growing in. Urban development of land can have a serious impact on the soil, shaping how healthy a plant can be, while, understandably, soil in untouched areas of land would be of far better quality and betterRead MoreSoil Is A Vital Part Of The Natural Environment1352 Words   |  6 PagesSoil is a vital part of the natural environment. Without soil the land on Earth would be wastelands of barren rock. Soil is the thin skin of our earth where we plant and grow vital grain crops such as wheat, corn and ri ce that feed more than seven billion of us. The future rests on the soil beneath our feet. History is littered with the remains of civilizations that ignored, exploited and degraded the soil beneath their feet. One-third of the world’s soil has already been damaged by wind and waterRead MoreGround Improvement Techniques3816 Words   |  16 Pagesrequirements, by altering the natural state of the soil, instead of having to alter the design in response to the grounds natural limitations. The results usually include saving in construction cost and reduction of implementation time. There are number of techniques available for improving the mechanical and engineering properties of the soil. However, each technique has some limitations and suit abilities to get maximum improvement in the soil conditions with minimum effort. Some of theRead MoreSuitability And Future Soil Management2269 Words   |  10 Pagesthis report is to determine the suitability of the clients soil, indicated with in the marked area in fig 1. (google,2016), where they propose to transplant two semi mature trees, which would otherwise be felled due to a major rail development near by. This survey aims to provide the client with information on existing soil profiles, obtain site specific soil samples, which will be analysed recommendations for suitability and future soil management will then be made in a conclusion based on siteRead More The Effects of Grazing and Trampling Behaviors of Large-Sized Livestock on the Formation and Weathering Patterns of Soils2368 Words   |à ‚  10 PagesThe Effects of Grazing and Trampling Behaviors of Large-Sized Livestock on the Formation and Weathering Patterns of Soils Introduction Walter Coppinger, a Professor of Geosciences at Trinity College in San Antonio and long-time observer of Montana geology, was the first person to describe to me the many problems of the western rangelands that have developed out of the over-grazing of cattle. From a hilltop among the upland slopes of Whitehall, Montana, he pointed out a few patches of bareRead MoreConstruction Of Roads For Black Cotton Soil1207 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION : Construction of roads in black cotton soil areas has been problematic due to their low bearing capacity and the detrimental effects of volume instability arising from swelling and shrinkage characteristics of such soils during wet and dry seasons. Such problems assume greater acuteness where the water table is high and clayey subsoil stratum is thick. A Perfect example of a case history study can be considered from â€Å"Gudivada-Bantumilli† State Highway, which passes through a plain

Describe British Rule in India at the End of the First World War free essay sample

At the end of the First World War, British rule in India was dominant compared with Indian rule. The British is controlling a population of about 300,000,000 people and more than two-thirds of India in the early nineteen hundreds. The rest is ruled under Maharajah’s which are Indian Princes. Out of the various colonies the British had, India was named the ‘Jewel in the Crown’ because of its vast amounts of resources, labour and land. To working class Indians, the British arrival made them angry and unhappy. This is because many of them became slaves for the British people. Only the wealthy and educated Indians benefited from their arrival as British rule improved the infrastructure of India. They brought technology into the country and therefore made India into a more developed and advanced country. Although for some provinces, India has direct control (under maharajahs) but on the whole, they are indirectly controlled by the British government. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe British Rule in India at the End of the First World War or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This means that the British government has sovereign power and influence over these provinces from the Viceroy. The Viceroy made Indians have less control over its own country. The Viceroy’s power was above the Legislative Council, and he was appointed by the British Parliament. Another words, he is the representative of Britain in India. He had to report to the Secretary of State of India who is in charge of India. He was also a direct representative of the King in India. Never, had the Indians been allowed to be part of the Legislative Council. This was until the Morley-Minto Reform. The Morley-Minto Reform was introduced because Indians started pressuring the government; the congress started to demand for Home Rule in 1906 and there was boycotts of British goods and violent outbreaks started in Bengal. The riot in Bengal began from Lord Curzon, who was the Viceroy at the time. Bengal was too large to administer and therefore, Curzon proposed to the Secretary of State for India St. John Brodrich to divide Bengal. This was known as the Partition of Bengal. This suggestion, however, favoured Muslims because in Eastern Bengal, Muslims outnumbered Hindu’s and it helped Bengali Muslims politically. Also, the Hindu’s accused the British to deliberately separate the Hindu’s and Muslims and therefore resulted in a riot. The reform was rather superficial and the position of the Indians in the government had not been changed much. Very few Indians could vote, and it did not give Indians a voice in the administration. This showed that Indians did not make much progress in Independence after the Morley-Minto Reform and British still had strong control of India even after the Morley-Minto reform. Through time, the British rule in India diminished, but by quite a minor amount after the First World War. Before the war, British had strong powers in the government. The First World War sped up the process for home rule in India as many Indians fought bravely in the War and Mohandas Gandhi, and many other Indians, thought that supporting the war would lead to Home Rule. Many Indians sacrificed their lives during the war and this gave a reason for the Indians to demand for home rule. Also, the demand of raw materials from India increased and many Indians prospered. Because Indians were now more important (because of their war effort in the War and the demand for their resources), British had to get more control over them. As a response to this, during the war in 1915, the Defence of India Act was introduced. This allowed suspension of civil liberties. This meant that the government of India has ‘emergency’ powers for example, the government could make an Indian join the army. This shows that the government fears the Indians as the government passes a law which gives more power to themselves. In the mid 1918, the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms were suggested. This was to settle the unrest that was caused by the rejection of the demands after the First World War. There were outbreaks of violence in Punjab in 1917 as the British government made no statements about Home Rule. The Montagu-Chelmsford act was to introduce a new system called Dyrachy. This was to split the powers between the British and Indians. The British people would control finance, police and justice whilst Indians would control Education, Agriculture and Health and Public Work. This however, also didn’t give Indians real power as many of the sectors which the Indians rule were not influential. As we can see, the British actually fears the Indians as they are slowly iving power back to the Indians. From the Morley-Minto Reforms to the Montagu-Chelmsford Reform, British show they are concern with the growing resistance of the Indians, such as the violence outbreaks after the First World War. Many of the reforms were superficial and up to the end of the First World War, Indians have more participation in the government of India but no real influence. Although the Montagu- Chelmsford Reform was put into practice in 1919, it already suggests that the British people fear the Indians and are slowly shifting the power back to Indian people.

Online Content 15 Tips for Successful Digital Content Marketing

In this digital age, internet use continues to grow year on year. In 2017, 46.8 percent of the global population accessed the internet, and this figure is projected to grow to 53.7 percent in 2021. Most consumers today use Google and other search engines to get the answers they need, which is why online content has become integral to digital marketing. When you get it right, useful and engaging content can turn readers into buyers, but content marketing success isn’t guaranteed. We know that having a content strategy is important, but why do some businesses have more success with content marketing? Below, we’ll go over the main points of how to create digital content that strengthens your brand and gets more prospects to take action. Free Actionable Bonus: Looking to elevate your content strategy? Get our our complete guide to creating a content strategy, plus a free content planning template and a list of 30+ places to distribute content 1. Know Your Audience Well Having a clear picture of your target customer before you create any content will ensure your content has more power to engage and convert. But most businesses still fail to address this. According to the latest report from the Content Marketing Institute, only 42 percent of content marketers are taking the time to actually talk with customers to understand their needs. What problems do potential customers have? What kinds of content do they really crave? Why are they hesitating to buy your products and services? What are they telling your sales team? What are they saying about your business on social media? To get the answers, conduct customer surveys via email, talk to customers on social media, and ask your team members for customer feedback. You can then focus on creating the kind of content that is more likely to attract and retain customers. 2. Know your Goals When you know what you want to achieve with your content, it’s much easier to come up with content formats and topics that support your goals. You might focus on one or two goals, such as: Building trust with your audience. Attracting new customers. Solving customer problems. Highlighting product benefits. Building customer loyalty. Developing new business ideas. For example, to show how you can solve customer problems, create a case study. To develop new business ideas, create an email survey. Focusing on these goals will also help to improve your search rankings. 3. Include Calls-to-Action (CTAs) It’s easier to craft engaging CTAs when you know your marketing goals. Whether it’s a short blog post or long white paper, try to include at least one CTA to encourage readers to take action that supports your objectives. For example, offer a free product guide in return for an email address, or encourage users to find out more about a product by clicking through to a separate landing page. 4. Create Truly Valuable Content Before you create any content, ask yourself: Is it useful to my target customer? Is it interesting and informative? Is it entertaining? Is it inspiring? Is it shareable? Producing valuable content can be difficult, but if your content can fulfil these objectives, it’s more likely to generate traffic, attract leads, and fuel sales. Use storytelling and statistics to strengthen the credibility of your content. In today’s crowded online marketplace, â€Å"average† content is no longer good enough. 5. Be Original and Authentic Don’t fall into the trap of copying content from competitors, as this could damage your SEO power and reputation. Create content that your audience can’t find elsewhere. Talk about what you’re passionate about and stick to issues that are relevant to your niche audience. Then, you won’t be competing with similar content. Consumers also recognize authenticity and this will immediately boost your credibility. 6. Get Blogging If you’re regularly churning out high-quality content, you might be surprised at how many more leads you get. Businesses with blogs receive 67 percent more leads than those without. This is why so many successful businesses publish regular blog posts aimed at their core audience. They attract more qualified leads, increase brand credibility, and build customer loyalty. Tip: Update older blog posts with fresh information to increase their SEO power. 7. Use the Right Tone of Voice Defining your brand’s voice is an important step in developing your brand’s identity and marking you out from the competition. Does your brand’s personality come across in your content? Whether it’s serious and businesslike or fun and friendly, make sure the tone you choose matches your brand’s uniqueness and then keep the tone consistent across all online channels. 8. Diversify Investing in content is more profitable in the long term if you diversify, just like investing in stocks. Put your resources into a range of content formats and deliver content to a number of channels that reach different sectors of your audience. Some projects will be more successful than others, but they can all achieve different marketing goals. 9. Incorporate Visuals A diverse content strategy should include visual content, especially with the growth of visual platforms such as Instagram. There are various benefits to visual content: It grabs attention. It stirs emotions. It’s more shareable. It’s more memorable. It communicates ideas quickly. According to one study, understanding of information increases from 70 percent to 95 percent when images are introduced. So, for informational content, visuals can be an essential tool to aid understanding. Use photos, graphics, videos, cartoons, memes, or graphs to improve comprehension and make content more memorable. 10. Find Your Place on Social Media Most businesses understand the value of social media for building brand loyalty and driving web traffic. In 2018, 77 percent of Americans had a social media profile. However, unless you have unlimited time and resources, you can’t be on every channel at once and expect great results. If you’re a smaller business, focus on just one or two to begin with. Seek out the channels where your target market is most active and where content engagement is highest. 11. Make It Sharable Make sure you give your content the best chance of reaching more people by incorporating social media share buttons at the end of content. Compelling headlines are also key to attracting readers and boosting shares. For inspiration, read our post: 14 Tips for Writing Catchy Headlines in 2018. 12. Optimize Online Content for Search Engines Online content should also be search engine-friendly. In general, this means creating content that is unique, easy to read, and useful. There are too many details to go into here, but it also involves keyword optimization, local search optimization, on-page optimization, and more. If you need more tips on how to balance content with SEO, take a look at: 9 Ways Content Marketing and SEO Can Work Together. 13. Optimize for Mobile Mobile-friendly content is essential for ranking higher in search engines and retaining website visitors. In 2015, 157.6 million users accessed search services via their mobile. In 2019, this is estimated to grow to 215.8 million. With Google’s Mobile First Index now in full swing, make sure all your content is mobile-ready. 14. Promote It’s one thing to create great content, but it will have no value if no one sees it. This is where a consistent promotion strategy comes in. To make sure your content gets in front of the right people, send out emails to your subscriber list, post links to new content on social media, and include share buttons at the end of every new piece. Even if you have a relatively small marketing budget, it’s definitely worth considering investing in paid promotion to make content more visible online. Paid ads may not directly affect search rankings, but they can help your content reach a wider audience. Also, searchers who have seen one of your ads in the past may be more likely to click on your organic results in the future. 15. Analyze the Results If you don’t measure the results of your content marketing efforts, how will you know what works? Google Analytics is a good starting point – and it’s free – so it’s definitely worth your time in the long term. Track your most visited pages, discover how long people spend on your site, and see where visitors go after reading your content. With all of this data at your fingertips, you can optimize future content depending on what has worked in the past. To help you get the competitive edge, check out these nine powerful analytics tools. Your Online Content is Your Product There are many elements that go into a successful digital content marketing strategy. Your website is your content hub, but it has to combine with email marketing, social media marketing, SEO strategies, and paid advertising to give your content the best chance of reaching the right people at the right time. Remember that your content represents your business, and it’s another product that potential customers consume. Your website visitors, prospects, and customers are the people that ultimately grow your business, so put them at the heart of every piece of content you create. Think about their problems, needs, and desires and your marketing goals will become a lot more achievable.