Definition of Zwitterion

A  zwitterion is a molecule that contains both positively and negatively charged functional groups, and the net charge of the entire molecule is zero. Amino acids are the best-known examples of  zwitterions. They contain an amine group (basic) and a carboxyl group (acidic).

Soil Compaction - 9893 Words

FM 5-410 CHAPTER 8 Soil Compaction Soil compaction is one of the most critical components in the construction of roads, airfields, embankments, and foundations. The durability and stability of a structure are related to the achievement of proper soil compaction. Structural failure of roads and airfields and the damage caused by foundation settlement can often be traced back to the failure to achieve proper soil compaction. Compaction is the process of mechanically densifying a soil. Densification is accomplished by pressing the soil particles together into a close state of contact with air being expelled from the soil mass in the process. Compaction, as used here, implies dynamic compaction or densification by the application†¦show more content†¦Volume change is generally not a great concern in relation to compaction except for clay soils where compaction does have a marked influence. For these soils, the greater the density, the greater the potential volume change due to swelling, unless the soil is restrai ned. An expansive clay soil should be compacted at a moisture content at which swelling will not exceed 3 percent. Although the conditions corresponding to a minimum swell and minimum shrinkage may not be exactly the same, soils in which volume change is a factor generally may be compacted so that these effects are minimized. The effect of swelling on bearing capacity is important and is evaluated by the standard method used by the US Army Corps of Engineers in preparing samples for the CBR test. Section II. Design Considerations MOISTURE-DENSITY RELATIONSHIPS Nearly all soils exhibit a similar relationship between moisture content and dry density when subjected to a given compactive effort (see Figure 8-1). For each soil, a maximum dry density develops at an OMC for the compactive effort used. The OMC at which maximum density is obtained is the moisture content at which the soil becomes sufficiently workable under a given compactive effort to cause the soil particles to become so closely packed that most of the air is expelled. For most soils (except cohesionless sands), when the moisture content is less than optimum, the soil is more difficult to compact. Beyond optimum, most soilsShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Test Results2141 Words   |  9 Pagesof Test Results Problems with guessing the compaction curve from the Family of Curves Out in the field, some testers interpolate a compaction curve to represent the material using the Alberta Family of Curves. One of the goals of this applied research, was to test the accuracy of this method. It was concluded that the only true way to verify the legimitacy of this curve is by doing index testing such as atterberg limits and grain size analysis on the soil. The City of Edmonton does require the testingRead MoreInvestigating The Relationship Between Molding Water Content And Dry Unit Weight Of Soils Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of this experiment was to determine the relationship between molding water content and dry unit weight of soils. This was done by performing the laboratory compaction test using standard effort on the same soil at different moisture contents. When the density of the soil is plotted over moisture content, a concave down curve is generated. This is because adding moisture increases density until it reaches its optimal moisture, then adding further moisture decreases density. UnderstandingRead MoreBenefits Of A Sustainable Soil Management Essay1427 Words   |  6 Pages Sustainable soil management is about the fruitful management of agricultural resources to fulfill human needs while preserving or enhancing environmental excellence and conserving natural resources for future groups. Enhancement in agricultural sustainability entails, together with effective water and crop management, the optimal utilization and soil fertility management and soil physical properties, which depend on biological processes and biodiversity in the soil. These finding a proper choicesRead MoreEvaluation Of A Project Feasibility Study For Geotechnical Projects1629 Words   |  7 PagesAbandoned sites due to undesirable soil bearing capacities dramatically increased, and the outcome of this was the scarcity of land and increased demand for natural resources. Affected areas include those which were susceptible to liquefaction and those covered with soft clay and organic soils. Other areas were those in a landslide and contaminated land. However, in most geotechnical project s, it is not possible to obtain a construction site that will meet the design requirements without ground modificationRead MoreFactors that Affect Plant Growth1095 Words   |  4 Pagesmany different variables. Temperature, amount of sunlight and pH of soil are all factors that can affect the growth and development of a plant. Environmental factors can either allow plants to thrive, or leave them unable to grow and die. One important factor is the quality of the soil the plant is growing in. Urban development of land can have a serious impact on the soil, shaping how healthy a plant can be, while, understandably, soil in untouched areas of land would be of far better quality and betterRead MoreSoil Is A Vital Part Of The Natural Environment1352 Words   |  6 PagesSoil is a vital part of the natural environment. Without soil the land on Earth would be wastelands of barren rock. Soil is the thin skin of our earth where we plant and grow vital grain crops such as wheat, corn and ri ce that feed more than seven billion of us. The future rests on the soil beneath our feet. History is littered with the remains of civilizations that ignored, exploited and degraded the soil beneath their feet. One-third of the world’s soil has already been damaged by wind and waterRead MoreGround Improvement Techniques3816 Words   |  16 Pagesrequirements, by altering the natural state of the soil, instead of having to alter the design in response to the grounds natural limitations. The results usually include saving in construction cost and reduction of implementation time. There are number of techniques available for improving the mechanical and engineering properties of the soil. However, each technique has some limitations and suit abilities to get maximum improvement in the soil conditions with minimum effort. Some of theRead MoreSuitability And Future Soil Management2269 Words   |  10 Pagesthis report is to determine the suitability of the clients soil, indicated with in the marked area in fig 1. (google,2016), where they propose to transplant two semi mature trees, which would otherwise be felled due to a major rail development near by. This survey aims to provide the client with information on existing soil profiles, obtain site specific soil samples, which will be analysed recommendations for suitability and future soil management will then be made in a conclusion based on siteRead More The Effects of Grazing and Trampling Behaviors of Large-Sized Livestock on the Formation and Weathering Patterns of Soils2368 Words   |à ‚  10 PagesThe Effects of Grazing and Trampling Behaviors of Large-Sized Livestock on the Formation and Weathering Patterns of Soils Introduction Walter Coppinger, a Professor of Geosciences at Trinity College in San Antonio and long-time observer of Montana geology, was the first person to describe to me the many problems of the western rangelands that have developed out of the over-grazing of cattle. From a hilltop among the upland slopes of Whitehall, Montana, he pointed out a few patches of bareRead MoreConstruction Of Roads For Black Cotton Soil1207 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION : Construction of roads in black cotton soil areas has been problematic due to their low bearing capacity and the detrimental effects of volume instability arising from swelling and shrinkage characteristics of such soils during wet and dry seasons. Such problems assume greater acuteness where the water table is high and clayey subsoil stratum is thick. A Perfect example of a case history study can be considered from â€Å"Gudivada-Bantumilli† State Highway, which passes through a plain

Describe British Rule in India at the End of the First World War free essay sample

At the end of the First World War, British rule in India was dominant compared with Indian rule. The British is controlling a population of about 300,000,000 people and more than two-thirds of India in the early nineteen hundreds. The rest is ruled under Maharajah’s which are Indian Princes. Out of the various colonies the British had, India was named the ‘Jewel in the Crown’ because of its vast amounts of resources, labour and land. To working class Indians, the British arrival made them angry and unhappy. This is because many of them became slaves for the British people. Only the wealthy and educated Indians benefited from their arrival as British rule improved the infrastructure of India. They brought technology into the country and therefore made India into a more developed and advanced country. Although for some provinces, India has direct control (under maharajahs) but on the whole, they are indirectly controlled by the British government. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe British Rule in India at the End of the First World War or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This means that the British government has sovereign power and influence over these provinces from the Viceroy. The Viceroy made Indians have less control over its own country. The Viceroy’s power was above the Legislative Council, and he was appointed by the British Parliament. Another words, he is the representative of Britain in India. He had to report to the Secretary of State of India who is in charge of India. He was also a direct representative of the King in India. Never, had the Indians been allowed to be part of the Legislative Council. This was until the Morley-Minto Reform. The Morley-Minto Reform was introduced because Indians started pressuring the government; the congress started to demand for Home Rule in 1906 and there was boycotts of British goods and violent outbreaks started in Bengal. The riot in Bengal began from Lord Curzon, who was the Viceroy at the time. Bengal was too large to administer and therefore, Curzon proposed to the Secretary of State for India St. John Brodrich to divide Bengal. This was known as the Partition of Bengal. This suggestion, however, favoured Muslims because in Eastern Bengal, Muslims outnumbered Hindu’s and it helped Bengali Muslims politically. Also, the Hindu’s accused the British to deliberately separate the Hindu’s and Muslims and therefore resulted in a riot. The reform was rather superficial and the position of the Indians in the government had not been changed much. Very few Indians could vote, and it did not give Indians a voice in the administration. This showed that Indians did not make much progress in Independence after the Morley-Minto Reform and British still had strong control of India even after the Morley-Minto reform. Through time, the British rule in India diminished, but by quite a minor amount after the First World War. Before the war, British had strong powers in the government. The First World War sped up the process for home rule in India as many Indians fought bravely in the War and Mohandas Gandhi, and many other Indians, thought that supporting the war would lead to Home Rule. Many Indians sacrificed their lives during the war and this gave a reason for the Indians to demand for home rule. Also, the demand of raw materials from India increased and many Indians prospered. Because Indians were now more important (because of their war effort in the War and the demand for their resources), British had to get more control over them. As a response to this, during the war in 1915, the Defence of India Act was introduced. This allowed suspension of civil liberties. This meant that the government of India has ‘emergency’ powers for example, the government could make an Indian join the army. This shows that the government fears the Indians as the government passes a law which gives more power to themselves. In the mid 1918, the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms were suggested. This was to settle the unrest that was caused by the rejection of the demands after the First World War. There were outbreaks of violence in Punjab in 1917 as the British government made no statements about Home Rule. The Montagu-Chelmsford act was to introduce a new system called Dyrachy. This was to split the powers between the British and Indians. The British people would control finance, police and justice whilst Indians would control Education, Agriculture and Health and Public Work. This however, also didn’t give Indians real power as many of the sectors which the Indians rule were not influential. As we can see, the British actually fears the Indians as they are slowly iving power back to the Indians. From the Morley-Minto Reforms to the Montagu-Chelmsford Reform, British show they are concern with the growing resistance of the Indians, such as the violence outbreaks after the First World War. Many of the reforms were superficial and up to the end of the First World War, Indians have more participation in the government of India but no real influence. Although the Montagu- Chelmsford Reform was put into practice in 1919, it already suggests that the British people fear the Indians and are slowly shifting the power back to Indian people.

Online Content 15 Tips for Successful Digital Content Marketing

In this digital age, internet use continues to grow year on year. In 2017, 46.8 percent of the global population accessed the internet, and this figure is projected to grow to 53.7 percent in 2021. Most consumers today use Google and other search engines to get the answers they need, which is why online content has become integral to digital marketing. When you get it right, useful and engaging content can turn readers into buyers, but content marketing success isn’t guaranteed. We know that having a content strategy is important, but why do some businesses have more success with content marketing? Below, we’ll go over the main points of how to create digital content that strengthens your brand and gets more prospects to take action. Free Actionable Bonus: Looking to elevate your content strategy? Get our our complete guide to creating a content strategy, plus a free content planning template and a list of 30+ places to distribute content 1. Know Your Audience Well Having a clear picture of your target customer before you create any content will ensure your content has more power to engage and convert. But most businesses still fail to address this. According to the latest report from the Content Marketing Institute, only 42 percent of content marketers are taking the time to actually talk with customers to understand their needs. What problems do potential customers have? What kinds of content do they really crave? Why are they hesitating to buy your products and services? What are they telling your sales team? What are they saying about your business on social media? To get the answers, conduct customer surveys via email, talk to customers on social media, and ask your team members for customer feedback. You can then focus on creating the kind of content that is more likely to attract and retain customers. 2. Know your Goals When you know what you want to achieve with your content, it’s much easier to come up with content formats and topics that support your goals. You might focus on one or two goals, such as: Building trust with your audience. Attracting new customers. Solving customer problems. Highlighting product benefits. Building customer loyalty. Developing new business ideas. For example, to show how you can solve customer problems, create a case study. To develop new business ideas, create an email survey. Focusing on these goals will also help to improve your search rankings. 3. Include Calls-to-Action (CTAs) It’s easier to craft engaging CTAs when you know your marketing goals. Whether it’s a short blog post or long white paper, try to include at least one CTA to encourage readers to take action that supports your objectives. For example, offer a free product guide in return for an email address, or encourage users to find out more about a product by clicking through to a separate landing page. 4. Create Truly Valuable Content Before you create any content, ask yourself: Is it useful to my target customer? Is it interesting and informative? Is it entertaining? Is it inspiring? Is it shareable? Producing valuable content can be difficult, but if your content can fulfil these objectives, it’s more likely to generate traffic, attract leads, and fuel sales. Use storytelling and statistics to strengthen the credibility of your content. In today’s crowded online marketplace, â€Å"average† content is no longer good enough. 5. Be Original and Authentic Don’t fall into the trap of copying content from competitors, as this could damage your SEO power and reputation. Create content that your audience can’t find elsewhere. Talk about what you’re passionate about and stick to issues that are relevant to your niche audience. Then, you won’t be competing with similar content. Consumers also recognize authenticity and this will immediately boost your credibility. 6. Get Blogging If you’re regularly churning out high-quality content, you might be surprised at how many more leads you get. Businesses with blogs receive 67 percent more leads than those without. This is why so many successful businesses publish regular blog posts aimed at their core audience. They attract more qualified leads, increase brand credibility, and build customer loyalty. Tip: Update older blog posts with fresh information to increase their SEO power. 7. Use the Right Tone of Voice Defining your brand’s voice is an important step in developing your brand’s identity and marking you out from the competition. Does your brand’s personality come across in your content? Whether it’s serious and businesslike or fun and friendly, make sure the tone you choose matches your brand’s uniqueness and then keep the tone consistent across all online channels. 8. Diversify Investing in content is more profitable in the long term if you diversify, just like investing in stocks. Put your resources into a range of content formats and deliver content to a number of channels that reach different sectors of your audience. Some projects will be more successful than others, but they can all achieve different marketing goals. 9. Incorporate Visuals A diverse content strategy should include visual content, especially with the growth of visual platforms such as Instagram. There are various benefits to visual content: It grabs attention. It stirs emotions. It’s more shareable. It’s more memorable. It communicates ideas quickly. According to one study, understanding of information increases from 70 percent to 95 percent when images are introduced. So, for informational content, visuals can be an essential tool to aid understanding. Use photos, graphics, videos, cartoons, memes, or graphs to improve comprehension and make content more memorable. 10. Find Your Place on Social Media Most businesses understand the value of social media for building brand loyalty and driving web traffic. In 2018, 77 percent of Americans had a social media profile. However, unless you have unlimited time and resources, you can’t be on every channel at once and expect great results. If you’re a smaller business, focus on just one or two to begin with. Seek out the channels where your target market is most active and where content engagement is highest. 11. Make It Sharable Make sure you give your content the best chance of reaching more people by incorporating social media share buttons at the end of content. Compelling headlines are also key to attracting readers and boosting shares. For inspiration, read our post: 14 Tips for Writing Catchy Headlines in 2018. 12. Optimize Online Content for Search Engines Online content should also be search engine-friendly. In general, this means creating content that is unique, easy to read, and useful. There are too many details to go into here, but it also involves keyword optimization, local search optimization, on-page optimization, and more. If you need more tips on how to balance content with SEO, take a look at: 9 Ways Content Marketing and SEO Can Work Together. 13. Optimize for Mobile Mobile-friendly content is essential for ranking higher in search engines and retaining website visitors. In 2015, 157.6 million users accessed search services via their mobile. In 2019, this is estimated to grow to 215.8 million. With Google’s Mobile First Index now in full swing, make sure all your content is mobile-ready. 14. Promote It’s one thing to create great content, but it will have no value if no one sees it. This is where a consistent promotion strategy comes in. To make sure your content gets in front of the right people, send out emails to your subscriber list, post links to new content on social media, and include share buttons at the end of every new piece. Even if you have a relatively small marketing budget, it’s definitely worth considering investing in paid promotion to make content more visible online. Paid ads may not directly affect search rankings, but they can help your content reach a wider audience. Also, searchers who have seen one of your ads in the past may be more likely to click on your organic results in the future. 15. Analyze the Results If you don’t measure the results of your content marketing efforts, how will you know what works? Google Analytics is a good starting point – and it’s free – so it’s definitely worth your time in the long term. Track your most visited pages, discover how long people spend on your site, and see where visitors go after reading your content. With all of this data at your fingertips, you can optimize future content depending on what has worked in the past. To help you get the competitive edge, check out these nine powerful analytics tools. Your Online Content is Your Product There are many elements that go into a successful digital content marketing strategy. Your website is your content hub, but it has to combine with email marketing, social media marketing, SEO strategies, and paid advertising to give your content the best chance of reaching the right people at the right time. Remember that your content represents your business, and it’s another product that potential customers consume. Your website visitors, prospects, and customers are the people that ultimately grow your business, so put them at the heart of every piece of content you create. Think about their problems, needs, and desires and your marketing goals will become a lot more achievable.

Introductions and Conclusions free essay sample

Introductions and conclusions play a special role in the academic essay, and they frequently demand much of your attention as a writer. A good introduction should identify your topic, provide essential context, and indicate your particular focus in the essay. It also needs to engage your readers interest. A strong conclusion will provide a sense of closure to the essay while again placing your concepts in a somewhat wider context. It will also, in some instances, add a stimulus to further thought. Since no two essays are the same, no single formula will automatically generate an introduction and conclusion for you. But the following guidelines will help you to construct a suitable beginning and end for your essay. Some general advice about introductions 1. Some students cannot begin writing the body of the essay until they feel they have the perfect introduction. Be aware of the dangers of sinking too much time into the introduction. We will write a custom essay sample on Introductions and Conclusions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some of that time can be more usefully channeled into planning and writing. 2. You may be the kind of writer who writes an introduction first in order to explore your own thinking on the topic. If so, remember that you may at a later stage need to compress your introduction. 3. It can be fine to leave the writing of the introduction for a later stage in the essay-writing process. Some people write their introduction only after they have completed the rest of the essay. Others write the introduction first but rewrite it significantly in light of what they end up saying in the body of their paper. 4. The introductions for most papers can be effectively written in one paragraph occupying half to three-quarters of the first page. Your introduction may be longer than that, and it may take more than one paragraph, but be sure you know why. The size of your introduction should bear some relationship to the length and complexity of your paper. A twenty page paper may call for a two-page introduction, but a five-page paper will not. 5. Get to the point as soon as possible. Generally, you want to raise your topic in your very first sentences. A common error is to begin too broadly or too far off topic. Avoid sweeping generalizations. 6. If your essay has a thesis, your thesis statement will typically appear at the end of your introduction, even hough that is not a hard-and-fast rule. You may, for example, follow your thesis with a brief road map to your essay that sketches the basic structure of your argument. The longer the paper, the more useful a road map becomes. How do I write an interesting, effective introduction? Consider these strategies for capturing your readers attention and for fleshing out your introduction: 1. Find a startling statistic that illustrates the seriousness of the problem you will address. 2. Quote an expert (but be sure to introduce him or her first). Mention a common misperception that your thesis will argue  against. . Give some background information necessary for understanding the essay. 5. Use a brief narrative or anecdote that exemplifies your reason for choosing the topic. In an assignment that encourages personal reflection, you may draw on your own experiences; in a research essay, the narrative may illustrate a common real-world scenario. 6. In a science paper, explain key scientific concepts and refer to relevant literature. Lead up to your own contribution or intervention. 7. In a more technical paper, define a term that is possibly unfamiliar to your audience but is central to understanding the essay. In fleshing out your introduction, you will want to avoid some common pitfalls: 1. Dont provide dictionary definitions, especially of words your audience already knows. 2. Dont repeat the assignment specifications using the professors wording. 3. Dont give details and in-depth explanations that really belong in your body paragraphs. You can usually postpone background material to the body of the essay. Some general advice about conclusions 1. A conclusion is not merely a summary of your points or a re-statement of your thesis. If you wish to summarize—and often you must—do so in fresh language. Remind the reader of how the evidence youve presented has contributed to your thesis. 2. The conclusion, like much of the rest of the paper, involves critical thinking. Reflect upon the significance of what youve written. Try to convey some closing thoughts about the larger implications of your argument. 3. Broaden your focus a bit at the end of the essay. A good last sentence leaves your reader with something to think about, a concept in some way illuminated by what youve written in the paper. 4. For most essays, one well-developed paragraph is sufficient for a conclusion. In some cases, a two-or-three paragraph conclusion may be appropriate. As with introductions, the length of the conclusion should reflect the length of the essay. How do I write an interesting, effective conclusion? The following strategies may help you move beyond merely summarizing the key points of your essay: 1. If your essay deals with a contemporary problem, warn readers of the possible consequences of not attending to the problem. 2. Recommend a specific course of action. 3. Use an apt quotation or expert opinion to lend authority to the conclusion you have reached. Give a startling statistic, fact, or visual image to drive home the ultimate point of your paper. 5. If your discipline encourages personal reflection, illustrate your concluding point with a relevant narrative drawn from your own life experiences. 6. Return to an anecdote, example, or quotation that you introduced in your introduction, but add further insight that derives from the body of your essay. 7. In a science or social science paper, mention worthwhile avenues for future research on your topic.

Warren G Hardings Mysterious death essays

Warren G Hardings Mysterious death essays Warren G. Harding was born on November 2, 1865, on a farm near Blooming grove, Ohio. Harding wasnt always into politics. He started in teaching and selling insurance before becoming a lawyer. In 1884 Harding borrowed three hundred dollars to buy a struggling newspaper, the Marion Ohio Star. (Anthony, Carl. American Heritage pg. 2) He was editor and business manager. Under his guidance the paper began to prosper. Harding got to know local community leaders and political bosses. Hardings life took a dramatic change when he In 1891, Harding married her. Since Florence Harding was the daughter of the richest man in Marion, she was able to pull some strings making him an important figure in the community. Because of his wives urging he decided to embark upon a political career. He was soon elected to the state senate in 1900 and also became lieutenant governor in 1903.(Anthony, Carl. American Heritage pg. 4) After he lost an election for governor in 1910 he was soon going to meet the next important person in his life. He soon met Harry M. Daughterty, a lobbyist and political strategist. Along with Mrs. Harding , the two worked as a team to boast Hardings political career. Finally in 1914 with Daughterty as his campaign manager, Harding successfully ran for a seat in the United Sates Senate.(Groiler Online - American Presidency pg. 3) Although he was against high taxes and federal regulation of business, Harding made no memorable speeches in the senate nor did he sponsor any important legislation. He spent a good deal of his time seeking government jobs for his friends, soon known as the Ohio Gang. Early in 1920, when Republicans began to seek a presidential candidate Hardings name was brought up a couple of times. Harding didnt want such recognition. All he wanted was to remain in the senate, where he was enjoying himself. But, like before, his ambitious...

English 102 the family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

English 102 the family - Essay Example Rosaldo and Sylvia Yanagisako, who quite persuasively argue that the family is not â€Å"a universal human institution† (p. 1). As controversial as this argument sounds, one finds support from it in Diane Ackerman’s A Natural History of Love and Sara Ruddick’s â€Å"Thinking About the Father.† Both scientific and anthropological perspectives on the concept of the family invalidate earlier understandings of the concept and establish that the family is not a universal phenomenon and even where and when it exists in its traditional form, reflects the human desire for familiar patterns. The famed social anthropologists, Bronislaw Malinowski is responsible for the now popular misconception of the family as a universal phenomenon. As Collier, Rosaldo and Yanagisako argue, before Malinowski’s research and writings on the concept of the family, anthropologists believed that it was a culture-specific phenomenon, not a universal one (p. 1). Malinowski’s argument, which was based on his observations of the behaviour of Australian Aborigines, was based on the notion that sexual behavior was a determinant of the presence, or absence, of family. As he noted, insofar as Australian Aborigines only acknowledged one husband for any female and assumed that the husband was also the father, they acknowledged the phenomenon of the family (pp. 2-3). While he acknowledged the presence of sexual promiscuity among primitive groups such as the Aborigines and admitted that they engaged in orgies, he still argued that they recognized family units because, even in orgies, wome n were only allowed a specific sexual partner – their legally or socially recognized mate/husband (Collier, Rosaldo and Yanagisako, pp. 2-3). According to this argument, therefore, sexual behaviour was controlled in order to preserve the family unit and to ensure its survival. The family unit was preserved and protected by the

Effects of Diet in Diabetes Management Research Paper

Effects of Diet in Diabetes Management - Research Paper Example Increased weight among diabetics facilitates development of diabetes complications. Nevertheless, some have proposed that other diets such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and the vegetarian diet are effective diets for the management of diabetes. Contrary to this notion, the ADEA diet has proven to be a highly effective diet given that it allows for the inclusion of other diets including the vegetarian diet without limiting the intake of some nutrients, as it is the case in some of the other diets. The effective control of diabetes is determined by an array of factors, most of which are under the control of the diabetic individual. Such control includes what they eat, how much of it they eat, how often they monitor their blood sugar levels, their levels of physical activities, and consistency and accuracy of medication dosing. To have an effective control over the blood sugar levels and glycated hemoglobin, a clear understanding of how to maintain a proper balance between physical activity, food intake, and medication has to be established. Various diabetes diets have been suggested, including the American Diabetes Association (ADA) diet, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, and the Vegetarian diet, towards management of the disease and related complications. This paper compares these three diets in terms of their effectiveness in the management of diabetes. Diabetics are required to manage an effective interplay of factors related to levels of glycated hemoglobin, cholesterol, and blood pressure in the body to minimize the development of complications related to the problem. Diet and physical activity are the key factors that should be controlled towards management of diabetes (Nowlin, Hammer, & Melkus, 2012, p. 2). The American Diabetes Association developed nutritional guidelines through dietary recommendations that

Phil 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Phil 3 - Essay Example This idea was suggested by the representatives of positivism, namely Ludwig Wittgenstein, who stated that things and events in a certain life can have meaning but life itself is meaningless. Simply stated, such context implies that the life of a person has certain meaning for itself and for others in the shape of events happening within it and the results of this very life embodied by achievements, heritage and ancestors. This theory, to my mind, has reason, as it is rather fare to define meaningfulness of a person’s life based on the actions and achievements. I think that the meaning of life based on such theory could be estimated both in positive and negative way: for instance, a person who devotes his or her life to crimes and destruction also therefore grants the meaning to it – evil proves to be the meaning of life, but it actually exists, even such life is meaningful. On the other hand, there are people whose lives acquire meaning through positive actions and even ts (at least, the positive dominates). For the second type we could provide two movies as an example. They are Amelie and Ikiru. The first one is Amelie, the French movie telling the life story of a girl working as a waitress and living in modern Paris. Amelie felt that something important was about to happen in her life, that’s why, being encouraged and inspired by this premonition, she gladly helped people to add joy and color to their lives. Once she found toys in the cache of her bathroom, they belonged to a â€Å"boy† who used to live in that apartment in 1950s – she found him and brought the toys back to him (he was already an elderly man). There were many things she did for others like writing a love letter to a neighbor on behalf of her husband, readjusting the alarm clock of a wicked greengrocer, substitution of shoes and toothpaste etc. Amelie lives with an open heart ready to lend a helping hand, to give

Food And Wine Harmony History Essay

Food And Wine Harmony History Essay Italy is a unitary legislative state in Southern Europe. It is the fifth most populated country in Europe, and the 23rd most populated in the world. Rome, the capital of Italy, has for periods been an administrative and religious centre of Western society as the capital of the Roman Empire and place of the Holy Sea. Modern Italy is an independent republic. It has been graded as the worlds 24th most-developed nation and its Quality-of-life Index has been graded in the worlds first ten in 2005.Italy delight in a very high standard of existing, and has a great GDP per capita. History The terrestrial known as Italy today has been the structure of European cultures and peoples, such as the Etruscans and the Romans. Italys capital, Rome, was for periods the administrative centre of Western society, as the capital of the Roman Empire. After its failure, Italy would endure numerous assaults by foreign peoples, from Germanic societies such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Normans and later, the Byzantines, among others. Times later, Italy would become the origin of the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intelligent movement that would prove to be essential in shaping the following course of European thought. Through much of its post-Roman past, Italy was split into numerous kingdoms and city-states but was united in 1861, a unrestrained period in past known as the Risorgimento. In the late 19th era, through World War I, and to World War II, Italy controlled a colonial empire, which extended its law to Libya, Eritrea, Italian Somaliland, Ethiopia, Albania, Rhodes, the Dodecanese and a franchise in Tianjin, China. Culture Italy did not occur as a state until the countrys association in 1861. Due to this relatively late association, and the historical independence of the regions that include the Italian Peninsula, many societies and customs that are now predictable as distinctly Italian can be recognized by their districts of origin. Despite the governmental and social distinction of these areas, Italys contributions to the national and historical legacy of Europe and the world remain massive. Italy is home to the highest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites to date, and has vast collections of art, culture and writings from many different eras. The country has had a comprehensive cultural impact worldwide, also because frequent Italians migrate to other places during the Italian movement. The country has, generally, an estimated 100,000 monuments Climate The climate differs significantly from the north to the south of Italy. In the north of the country the area in the middle of the Alps and the Tuscan-Milan Apennines the climate is tough, with very cold winters and very hot, mainly humid summers. In central Italy the temperature is milder, with a smaller difference in temperature between summer and winter and a smaller and less powerful cold season than in the north; summers are longer, but the sultriness of the northern metropolises is moderated by the sea. In southern Italy and the islands wintertime are never particularly tough, and spring and autumn climate are similar to those reached in the summer in other areas of Italy. Geography Italy is situated in Southern Europe and consist of the boot-shaped Italian Peninsula and a number of islands together with the two largest, Sicily and Sardinia. The Apennine Highlands form the peninsulas backbone and the Alps form its northern borderline, where Italys highest peak is positioned on Mont Blanc. The Po, Italys longest river, runs from the Alps on the western boundary with France and crosses the Padan plain on its manner to the Adriatic Sea. The country is located at the meeting point of the Eurasian Plate and the African Plate, primary to extensive seismic and volcanic movement. There are 14 volcanoes in Italy, four of which are energetic. Soil Soil differs throughout the world, and Italy has territory like no other. Both acidic and limy, Italian soils are used to harvest everything from vineyard grapes to routine herbs such as rosemary. Italy is renowned for wines due to its range of soil. Different grapes have need of different soils. Tuscany has such a various range of soil substances, together with volcanic rock and sandstone, that it is one of the finest places in Italy to catch fine wine vineyards. Marsala History In the 6th period to Justinians Empire, in this historical, the town was marked by dysentery, disregard of Bisanzio and the attacks of pirates. Arabic-Berbers arrival at the nearby Granitola mount in the 8th century involved the reopening of commerce and the start of the return of the town, which was retitled Marsa Ê ¿AlÄ « Ê ¿AlÄ «s harbour located near Punta dAlga or also Marsa Allah, namely Gods harbour, whence the existing name. There is the philosophy that Marsala comes from mare salis Salt ponds by the sea. At the end of era 1700, an appearance from the sea reformed again the upcoming of the town: the arrival of the English John Woodhouse who created the wine marsala. Geography Extreme western point of Sicily, the town was originated on Lilibeo cape, from where Aegadian Islands can be implicit. The territory of Marsala, extensive 241 km ² , has got a rich cultural and landscape legacy; its zone include the Stagnone Lagoon, where Mozia is situated. Marsala town till the end of 1970 was inhabited by about 86 thousand people. The part of Marsala is classified in seismic zone. In the last 200 years three earthquakes of medium-high strength were measured : 18 May 1828 magnitude 5.17 (about 6 ° Mercalli scale) 15 January 1968 Belice earthquake which in Marsala reached 7 ° Mercalli scale. 7 June 1981 magnitudo 4.60 (4/5 ° scala Mercalli scale) with epicentre in Borgo Elefante in Mazara del Vallo, far about 20 km from the town-centre of Marsala. Marsala wine Marsala wine is Italys most well-known type of fortified wine, addressing from Italys sunny southern area. Marsala is a upper alcohol fortified wine (usually about 17- 20%) that is existing in both sweet or dry variants. How is Marsala Wine Made? Marsala is complete from native, natural white grapes like Catarratto, The ruby-colored Marsalas hail from any mixture of three native red grapes. The fermentation of Marsala is frozen by the addition of a grape brandy when the remaining sugar satisfied reaches the pre-determined stages according to the sweet/dry style the creator is shooting for.   Alike to the system  of mixing various vintages of Sherry, Marsala often goes complete a perpetual system, where a sequence of vintage mixing takes place. Marsala Color Classifications: Ambra (Amber colored)   made with white grapes. Oro (Gold hues)   made with white grapes. Rubino (Ruby colored)   made with red grapes, like Pignatello. White grapes Chardonnay: This Burgundy diversity is so useful and commercially practical at the same time, that it was widely presented throughout Italy after the phylloxera defeated most Italian vineyards at the end of the nineteenth century. Produced in many flavours all over the country. Grillo: Full-bodied white used in Marsala and Alcamo blends between others. Zibibbo: Italian name for Muscat, or Moscato dAlessandria. Juicer, less fresh and more fermented than Moscato Bianco, it is best recognized for the passito wines from pantelleria, a small island off the western coast of Sicily. Sauvignon: Homonym of the French Sauvignon Blanc, it is completed into a number of variations throughout Italy. Catarratto Bianco Comune: Though it is found only in Sicily, this selection accounts for the most-planted white grape in all of Italy. Though it is usually used in variations of Marsala blends, it can be used to make pleasing, low-acid, dry wines. Red grapes Cabernet Sauvignon: Firstly from France, this grape is extensively grown all over Italy and has become the base for some of the most respected and luxurious Italian red wines. Similar to other unique French grapes such as Merlot and Cabernet Franc, it was widely established throughout Italy after phylloxera wiped out maximum of northern Italys vineyards at the end of the nineteenth century. Pinot Nero: The Italian variety of Pinot Noir is at its best in Piedmont, Oltrepà ² Pavese, plus Alto Adige wines. Sangiovese: Considered Italys most honourable red grape, it is the base for several prize-winning wines counting Chianti Classico, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, Brunello di Montalcino, Morellino di Scansano and, last but not least, the gradually known Sangiovese di Romagna. It is measured a native wild vine that was major domesticated by the Etruscans in the Tuscan Emilian Apennines. It has a typical black cherry fragrance with scents of wood smoke. Nero dAvola: Also called Calabrese, is the most important red grape in Sicily. It is verified into dark, thick, flavourful reds reminiscent of the best Australian Shiraz. Gamay: Grown widely throughout Italy, it is vinified as Colli Del Trasimeno DOC varietal in Umbria Popular wineries in Marsala Alvis Rallo: A fine maker of Marsala wine, Alvis Rallo was started in 1860 by the Rallo family. The wine aged area has a capacity of around 13,000 hectolitres in oak casks having between 20 and 450 hectolitres each. Buffa Winery: The Buffa winery was started in 1931, the year in which the current owners father began to produce and trade Marsala wine in bottles, casks and bottles. Donnafugata: Donnafugata makes a range of wines counting Lighea Contessa Entellina D.O.C, Opera Unica Marsala Superiore Riserva D.O.C., Tancredi, and Vigna di Gabri Contessa Entellina D.O.Ces in Marsala Marsala wine Red wines include Nero DAvola: Nero DAvola is one of the ancient ethnic grapes and Marsala wine-makers are justly proud of the acknowledgment that this variety is now getting. Syrah: anyone aware with the southern hemisphere wines will have recognised plenty of Syrah and the weather and territory of Marsala are particularly suited to this tasty grape. Etna Rosso: a mixture of Nerello Mascalese and Nerello Mantellato this is the wine born on the rich, productive volcanic inclines of Mount Etna. Cerasuolo di Vittoria: a mixture of Frappato and Calabrese with the conceivable addition of some Grossonero or Nerello Mascalese, this is the well-known wine of the province of Ragusa. White wines include Bianco DAlcamo: a mixture of Cataratto Grecanico, Damaschino and Trebbiano, this outstanding white can be found all over Sicily, but can only be created in the rich area among Alcamo and Trapani. Wines prepared from Grillo, Inzolia, Cataratto, Grecanico and Chardonnay are made in purezza or mixed together by all the big wine creators, and some are truly excellent. Aperitif wines includeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The sugar content of the grapes and the drying abilities of the sun mean that Marsala gives itself well to manufacture of dessert wines. The best known of these are: Marsala: the famous fortified wine first created by the Englishman John Woodhouse in 1773 is a mixture of Grillo, Cataratto, Ansonia and Damaschino with the adding of distilled alcohol. Though it has a status as a sweet wine, there are also some outstanding dry aperitif varieties. Passito di Pantelleria: prepared from Zibbibo grapes which have been dehydrated in the sun to increase the sugar absorption. Passito di Noto: 100% Passito Bianco grapes for a pleasant sweetish wine, with sugar-coated hints. Viticulture Is the science, manufacture and study of grapes which contracts with the series of events that occur in the vineyard. As soon as the grapes are used for winemaking, it is also known as viniculture. It is a division of the science of horticulture. Duties of the viticulturist include: observing and directing pests and diseases, fertilizing, irrigation, shelter management, monitoring fruit growth and appearances, deciding when to harvest and vine cropping during the winter months. Vinification Winemaking, or vinification, is the manufacture of wine, starting with collection of the grapes or other food and ending with bottling the finished wine. While most wine is made from grapes, it may also be prepared from other fruits or plants. Mead is a wine that is prepared with honey being the primary ingredient after water. Winemaking can be distributed into two categories: still wine manufacture (without carbonation) and sparkling wine manufacture (with carbonation natural or injected).The science of wine and winemaking is known as oenology. A person who creates wine is usually called a winemaker or vintner. Food pairing The three most important rules when it comes to wine-and-food pairing are: 1. Drink and Eat What You Like Pick out a wine that you would need to drink by it, rather than hoping a food match will progress a wine made in a grace you dont like. That way, even if the pairing isnt good, you will still appreciate what youre drinking. 2. Look for Balance Study the weight-or body, or productivity-of both the food and the wine. The wine and the dish should be equal partners, with neither overpowering the other. If you stability the two by weight, you raise the odds intensely that the pairing will be successful. This is the secret behind many classic wine-and-food matches. Theres a fair quantity of character to this. Hearty food needs a hearty wine. Cabernet Sauvignon accompaniments grilled lamb chops because theyre equally strong. 3. Match the Wine to the Most Prominent Element in the Dish This is serious to fine-tuning wine pairings. Identify the main character more often it is the sauce, flavours or cooking method, rather than the main element. Consider two different chicken dishes: Chicken Marsala, with its browned exterior and a sauce of dark wine and mushrooms, against a chicken breast poached in a creamy lemon sauce. The browned, earthy flavors of the earlier tilt it toward a soft, supple red, while the simplicity and citrus flavors of the latter call for a fresh white. Examples of food with wine: Pinot Grigios are good with citric based foods like lemon chicken or light and floral soups or stews. If youre consuming a desert wine that is actual sweet, have a nice biscotti or torte. The wine should constantly be just as sugary, or sweeter Seafood does not constantly have to be matching with white wine. Chianti is such a assorted wine with a dry-body that it will not destruction and hide the flavors of the sea. Mix it up a bit and discover the flavors. Some shellfish, like oysters are outstanding with sparkling wine.

Education Systems of Vietnam and England Essay

The secondary education system is very important for both Vietnam and England. It created for children’s future purpose. Compared to Vietnam, England’s current system of secondary education has a long tradition and higher quality, while the secondary education in Vietnam is borrowing from many different countries and poor quality. However, both countries have some similarities and differences in their education system. Their similarities include the free education, the national curriculum applied for all state schools, but they both have some differences in the education structure, the qualities, and the law for private schools. Firstly, there are both similarities and differences in their education system. The secondary education is free for all children, but it is not compulsory in Vietnam. Meanwhile, English children required by law to have a free education until they are 16 years old. Furthermore, the national curriculum created and applied for all state schools in both countries. (Encyclopaedia Britannica 2008 Ultimate – The ministry of education and training of Vietnam). Moreover, the national test applied for all children in both countries at the age of 11, 14, and 16. In England, the secondary education is a local responsibility, so that the education and teacher employed and provided by Local Education Authorities (LEAs). In Vietnam, the Local department of Education is also responsible for secondary education, but all state schools are employed the teacher individually. (Encyclopaedia Britannica 2008 Ultimate – The ministry of education and training of Vietnam). Beside some similarities, they also have some differences such as the education structure, the facilities, and the quality of education. In Vietnam, the secondary education are divided into two levels, which are the basic secondary education and the high school education, the student can leaving school or seeking higher education after completed year 12. In contrast, the secondary education system of England encompasses three key stages. Key stage 1 from year 7 to year 9 and key stage 2 from year 10 to year 11 are compulsory, after completed year 11 student can leaving school or complete two more levels to study in higher education. In addition, the facilities and the quality of education in England are much better than Vietnam. Finally, the other difference is the law system.

Nehemiah’s Leadership Skills

Nehemiah was the son of Hacaliah and he was also the cupbearer of the Persian king Artaxerxes. He was putting on a sad face and the king did not like that and asked him why he was sad, though afraid he answered that the city in which his fathers had been buried was a ruin so then he asked permission to go and rebuild the it. He played a decisive role in the rebuilding of Judah. In 444 B. C. the king appointed Nehemiah governor of Judah under the Persian Empire and permitted him to go to Jerusalem in order to help his fellow Jews. Upon his arrival Nehemiah secretly inspected the city walls which were still in ruins. This became known to his two arch-enemies, Sanballat and Tobiah, who repeatedly acted to foil his plans for rebuilding the walls (Neh 2:17-20); but despite their active opposition, Nehemiah succeeded in his building project, completing the work in 52 days (Neh chaps. 3-4), and stationed guards at the city gates and also enforced several of the laws, such as the payment due to the Levites, the observance of the Sabbath and the abolition of mixed marriages. He concluded his memoirs with a prayer to God to remember to his credit all of his efforts to strengthen divine law within Jerusalem . In order to repopulate Jerusalem, the number of whose inhabitants had dwindled greatly, he ordered that one out of every ten Jews should take up residence in the capital. He also instituted a series of religious and social reforms including the commitment to avoid intermarriage, the cancellation of debts owed by the poor, the support of the Temple cult, and the payment of tithes drawn up and sealed in a covenant (Neh chap. 10) and he then returned to Persia. After Nehemiah was given the permission to go and rebuild the city we see that he had some leadership qualities which helped him in the rebuilding process. Let us look at some few leadership skills which helped to navigate Nehemiah in the rebuilding of the city. Firstly and foremost, Nehemiah put God first and let Him lead him through prayer: The Book of Nehemiah starts and ends with prayer. And in between, Nehemiah often sends up quick prayers to heaven and asks for God’s help. â€Å"Do not pray for tasks equal to your powers,† said Phillips Brooks. â€Å"Pray for powers equal to your tasks. One mark of true spiritual leaders is their honest acknowledgment of their own inadequacy and their humble trust in the power of God He had courage: We can see that Nehemiah had courage firstly when he courageously told the king why he was sad and the king did not like to see sad faces and also he also took that opportunity to ask the king permission to go and rebuild the city and finally taking on the task of rebuilding the city shows that he had courage. Also . After the Israelites had begun rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem, some opposition arose from other occupants within the Palestine area. Nehemiah remained steadfast and courageous and rallied his people to continue the work He was determined: Nehemiah was determined because the work he was doing was a great work and he was serving a great God. He was determined because the city was in great reproach, and he wanted it to bring great glory to God. He was determined because he was part of a great plan that God had for the world as He worked through the Jewish nation. So, the next time you feel like quitting, remember Nehemiah and stay on the job until the work is finished to the glory of God. He had vision and saw the greatness of the work: No matter what God has called you to do, it’s a great work because it’s part of the building of His church; and that’s the greatest work in the world. If you lose the greatness of a vision, you will begin to cut corners in your work, stop making sacrifices, and start looking for something else to challenge you. Nehemiah realized that what he was doing was far bigger than simply repairing gates and rebuilding walls. He was serving the Lord God of heaven and getting the holy city ready for the coming of the Messiah! He submitted to authority: The call of God is not an invitation to become independent and ignore authority. Nehemiah respected the king and submitted his plans to him for his approval before he went to Jerusalem. Even more, Nehemiah submitted to the authority of the Word of God. He invited Ezra to teach the Law to the people so that they too would obey the will of God. It is a basic rule of life that those who exercise authority must themselves be under authority. Nehemiah was a man who was dependable because he was accountable. He was organized in his work: He planned his work and worked his plan, and God blessed him. We can see this when the king asked him how he would do it, he asked the king if he could have letters to the governors of Trans-Euphrates so that he would be provided for protection. Also, he wanted the kings approval to go to Asaph (the keeper of the king’s forest) so that he would be given timber to make beams for the gates of the citadel by the temple and for the city wall and the residence he would occupy, this shows that he had planned how he would start the building of the temple. He had passion: An important leadership principle displayed by Nehemiah was a deep passion for his God, his people, and his homeland. He heard of the destruction of the wall in Jerusalem and became overwhelmed with grief for the disgrace of God and his countrymen. This grief ignited a passion within Nehemiah to ask permission from his master to return to Jerusalem to rebuild the wall of the city. He was evaluative: Another important leadership principle shown by Nehemiah was that an effective leader evaluates a situation before acting. Nehemiah had received permission from his master to return to Jerusalem. When he arrived the first thing he did was to quietly take a private tour around the city wall to assess the damage and formulate a plan for rebuilding it. He enlisted others to work: An aspect of leadership principle displayed by Nehemiah was that effective leaders recruit and delegate responsibility to others. After Nehemiah had assessed the situation and formulated a plan of attack, he shared his plan with others and allowed them to help him with the work. Effective managers realize their need for others and that it takes many hands to accomplish a great task. He knew how to handle bad news: Life is full of bad news. It could be a small disappointment to a catastrophic occurrence, but when bad news comes your way, how do you respond? A strong leader is not only able to take the bad news, but wants to know it. Sticking your head in the sand is a sure sign of immaturity and lack of trust in God. He inspired camaraderie to people: One of the main leadership principles shown by Nehemiah was that effective leaders inspire camaraderie among his people. As mentioned above, Nehemiah led his people in the face of intense opposition; yet, by his leadership, the people did not run away, but continued the work until it was finished. They worked together with one person rebuilding his section of the wall, while his partner stood guard to protect him from attack. He shared what he had: Another leadership tenet displayed by Nehemiah was that top level managers share the rewards of success with their people. Effective leaders are kind and generous. Nehemiah demonstrated this trait by standing up for the poor against extortion and inviting large parties of people to eat at his table each meal. He stood fast on core values: We can see that Nehemiah stood fast in core values in that after the wall had been rebuilt, the Israelite people began to do things that were not pleasing to God. Nehemiah was deeply upset by this and called his people to account. References Henrietta C. Mears, What the bible is all about, Gospel Light Publications, U. S. A, 1998. Holy bible, New Revised Standard, U. S. A, 1989 The Holy Bible, New International Version, The Bible Society in Australia Inc Publishers, 1984. Richard H. Seume, Nehemiah, God’s Builder, Moody Press, Chicago, U. S. A, 1978 HOW I WOULD APPLY NEHEMIAH’S LEADRSHIP SKILLS IN MY OWN LIFE Firstly the most important leadership skill Nehemiah had according to me is that he put God first and let him lead him through prayer so I would use this skill by talking to God before facin g any situation and the reason I say this is an important leadership skill is because it is through this skill that we may get every other skill that follows. This way God will help you to do the task at hand. Also we see that also had something important and that was courage, so this helps me because I know courage is an important quality in a leader so I ask God for courage when tackling my tasks. Another thing is that I have to be determined to complete the task so that incase there as may occur any push back determination will lead you into completing the task and to do it well too. Something else that had was his vision we should also have vision in the work we are doing and we should like Nehemiah notice that the work we are doing has a higher purpose that what we look at directly, we can see that Nehemiah was not only rebuilding the walls but in depth was serving the lord and getting it ready for the messiah Jesus Christ. Another aspect in Nehemiah’s leadership qualities is his submitting to authority this shows we should respect and follow authority and not act like we are above it. We should also look at Nehemiah’s quality of self organization this shows me that in order for me to be a good leader or perform a task at my level best I should plan for my work as this will help you in accomplishing your goal. Another quality that Nehemiah displayed was passion, we should this to make us also have passion and this means we should have heart on what we do and do it with satisfaction. Again we see that Nehemiah was evaluative this means we should also follow this example by evaluating situation before jumping into conclusions and fully assessing them doing this will help you to perform the job effectively. Another thing is that like Nehemiah we should also entrust others with work this is done by delegating jobs to others tis shows that you trust them and this improves relation among workers. In many times there are always bad news so we need to know how to handle the bad news and we should talk to God to help us cope with them. As leaders we should inspire camaraderie among people this will strengthen our bonds and be able to look out for each other. To better ourselves using Nehemiah’s leadership quality of sharing what we have with others makes us better people and we should not look down upon people but treat them equally. In motivating others, we must always present the challenge and the benefit. I find that people really love to be challenged, to push the envelope and do what looks difficult or impossible. Presented in the right way, it will motivate people to join. And lastly as Nehemiah did, we should stand firm on core values and not be swayed to do the wrong things that would not please God but do God’s will.

Killer Whale Dorsal Fin Collapse

Killer Whale Dorsal Fin Collapse For some time, theres been a heated debate about why  killer whales in captivity have dorsal fins that are flopped over or collapsed. Animal-rights activists say that these fins collapse because the conditions under which killer whales - or  orcas - are held in captivity are not healthy. Others, such as water parks that keep killer whales in captivity and use them in theme-park shows, argue that there are no health threats to killer whales held in captivity and that dorsal fin collapse is natural. The Lowdown on Dorsal Fins All killer whales have a dorsal fin on their back, but the males dorsal fin is much taller than a females and can grow up to 6 feet tall. Despite the fact that the dorsal fin is very straight, it is supported not by bone but a fibrous connective tissue called collagen. All males in captivity have collapsed dorsal fins, but the condition, also known as dorsal fin collapse, flaccid fin, or folded fin syndrome, ​does occur in many captive females. Scientists are not certain why orcas have dorsal fins or what purpose the appendages serve. But, there is some speculation.  Whales Online  says that the large dorsal fin enhances the hydrodynamics of killer whales: (The dorsal fin) helps them slip through the water more efficiently. Similar to the ears of elephants or the tongues of dogs, dorsal, caudal and pectoral fins also help eliminate excess heat during intense activities such as hunting. Orca Live  agrees that the fins help regulate a killer whales body temperature: Excess heat, generated as they swim along, is released into the surrounding water and air via the dorsal fin - much like a radiator! Though there are different theories about their specific purpose, its a fact that dorsal fin collapse is far more prevalent in whales that are held in captivity. Dorsal Fin Collapse A wild orca often travels far, and quickly, in deep water. The water provides pressure to the fin, keeping the tissues inside healthy and straight. One theory as to why dorsal fins collapse in captivity is because the orca spends much of its time at the water surface and doesnt swim very far. This means that the fin tissue gets less support than it would if the orca were in the wild, and it starts to fall over. The whales also often swim in a repetitive circular pattern. Other potential causes for fin collapse may be dehydration and overheating of fin tissue  due to  warmer water and air temperatures, stress due to captivity or changes in diet,  reduced activity that causes low blood pressure, or age. SeaWorld of Hurt, a website operated by animal rights organization PETA, takes this stance, noting that dorsal fins of captive whales likely collapse Because they have no space in which to swim freely and are fed an unnatural diet of thawed dead fish. SeaWorld claims that this condition is common - however, in the wild, it rarely ever happens and is a sign of an injured or unhealthy orca. SeaWorld announced in 2016 that it would stop breeding whales in captivity immediately and  phase out killer whale shows  at all its parks by 2019. (In San Diego, the shows ended in 2017.) The company has said, however, that the shape of a killer whales dorsal fin is  not an indicator of its health. The dorsal fin is a structure like our ear, said Dr. Christopher Dold, SeaWorld’s head veterinarian: It doesnt have any bones in it whatsoever. So our whales spend a lot of time at the surface, and accordingly, tall, heavy dorsal fins (of adult male killer whales) without any bone in it, will slowly bend over and assume a different shape. Wild Orcas While less likely, it is not impossible for a wild orcas dorsal fin to collapse or become bent, and it may be a trait that varies among whale populations. A study of killer whales in New Zealand showed a relatively high rate - 23 percent - of collapsing, collapsed, or even bent or wavy dorsal fins. This was higher than that observed in populations in British Columbia or Norway, where only one male from the 30 studied had a fully collapsed dorsal fin, the study said. In 1989, the dorsal fins of two male killer whales collapsed after exposure to oil during the  Exxon Valdez  oil spill- the whales collapsed fins were thought to be a sign of poor health, as both whales died soon after the collapsed fins were documented. Researchers have theorized that dorsal fin collapse in wild whales may be due to age, stress, injury, or altercations with other killer whales.   Sources Matkin, C. O., and E. Saulitis. 1997. Restoration Notebook: Killer Whale (Orcinus orca). Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Anchorage, Alaska.  National Marine Fisheries Service Northwest Regional Office. 2005. Proposed Conservation Plan for Southern Resident Killer Whales, ). orcaOrcinusVisser, I.N. 1998. Prolific Body Scars and Collapsing Dorsal Fins on Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) in New Zealand Waters. Aquatic Mammals  24.2,71-81.

Breach and Break

Breach and Break Breach and Break Breach and Break By Maeve Maddox Patrick writes: Im an English instructor in Germany and was recently asked about the difference between breach and break. Can you help? Both words have to do with breaking. Both can be used as either nouns or verbs: Can you repair the break in this line? How did you break it? Joan of Arc was sued for breach of promise. The Burgundians breached the walls of Paris. The principal parts of to break are break, broke, (have) broken. The principal parts of to breach are breach, breached, (have) breached. Break comes from Old English brecan, to break, shatter, burst. Breach comes from the same OE verb, but by way of a noun derived from brecan. The OE noun bryce (the ce is pronounced /ch/ as in modern breach) meant a breach, fracture. Bryce was later influenced in its spelling by Old French breche, opening or gap. A breach is a broken place, as in a wall. Used as a verb, breach has the same meaning as to break, but to breach something suggests that the break is being made despite defenses or safeguards that are in place. The noun breach is common in legal language, as in the terms breach of contract and breach of the peace. Here are some examples the use of breach used as a verb: FBI, Telecoms Teamed to Breach Wiretap Laws The Rachel Corrie ship to try to breach Gaza blockade next month Open-records law appears to breach government secrecy Marines use a torch to breach a door A common use of breach as a noun is in the expression to heal a breach, that is, to reconcile sides in a dispute or falling out Codeplex hopes Walli can heal breach with open source As efforts continue to heal the breach in regional relations in the Middle East, Qatar emerges as an important player†¦ Healing the Breach between Feminists and Non-Feminists In the context of a broken bone, one would speak of healing the break. Sometimes writers use breach in place of a more suitable word, as in this question dealing with the breakage of hair: What works best hair product to heal the breach? Non-native English speakers are prone to use breach in a context calling for break as in these examples: At the alpha of 2009, Nino took a breach from music to complete his accomplish account in the Hellenic Army in Rhodes, He was apprenticed by a faculty of honour, never lied, and would rather die than breach his word. Her career connected auspiciously with films such as Bob Carol Ted Alice (1969). After this she took a breach from acting†¦ In each example, break is the word called for by the context. Although break and breach are similar in meaning, they cannot be used as exact synonyms. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph ExamplesTaser or Tazer? Tazing or Tasering?20 Slang Terms for Law Enforcement Personnel

What is the most important learning for you in the material on Essay

What is the most important learning for you in the material on Hinduism In other words, explain one thing you have learned and why it is important, in your view - Essay Example These explanations became â€Å"a way of life† to achieve enlightenment that influenced modern society all over the world that words like karma, guru, dharma became part of our modern vocabulary. I learned the application of this concept which is really to seek for love (not the romantic one but the love for humanity), enlightenment, avoidance of conflict and world peace which are all geared towards enlightenment to improve the karma which is really the cycle of birth and rebirth or an effort to perpetually improve. This also partially explains what is common among all religion, that it is just humanly constructed for us to be enlightened through the guidance of some divine ideas. Through this important lesson about Buddhism, I also learned that self-improvement, learning and the effort to be better is part of divine plan for us to achieve enlightenment and peace within ourselves the people around

Justice in Greek Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Justice in Greek Philosophy - Essay Example Plato, one of the Greek's ancient philosophers, ideally believed that sense-gained knowledge remains impure and confused, and that only the soul that contemplates and turns away from thinking carnally can receive true knowledge. He also believed that only the soul can know real essences of things, acquire knowledge of forms since the world as seen by the eye is nothing short of an imperfect copy (Bakalis, 2005). The immense dialogue in the Republic is opened by questioning the nature of justice. Several definitions of justice are proposed which are found to be inadequate except that at least more emphasis is put on Sophist, Thrasymachus' definition. According to this young man, justice is anything the strongest man decides that it is. Further, he states that whatever is in the strong man's interest is just. This argument is dismissed by Socrates after proving that strong personalities rarely get to know whatever is in their best interest; this cannot be just since justice in itself is a virtuous (Griffin, Boardman & Murray, 2001). Plato had quite a different view of justice; he believed that an answer exists that derives basically from reality's nature. In his republic, justice is defined as wisdom, courage and self-control; something close to righteousness and morality. In Greek, the Republic refers to the character or order of a political society; its regime type or constitution. The republic also refers to the city-state governance in a Socratic dialogue written in 380 BC by Plato. The republic is a most influential work of political theory and philosophy, and is Plato's best work. In fictional dialogues with foreigners, Athenians and Socrates, Plato discusses the meaning of true justice (Griffin et al., 2001). He seeks to establish whether man is happier when just or unjust by imagining a society that is governed by the guardians and philosopher-kings. The dialogue also goes further to discuss the role of philosophers, the place of poetry, the Theory of Forms and the soul's immortality. Plato's Republic is to-date considered in respect of western philosophy to be one of the most influential works. The Republic essentially deals with the subject of how one can live well. This inquiry into how one can live a good life was shaped into two parallel questions: (1) what does an ideal state look like, or what is state justice (2) What makes a just person These questions naturally encompass others such as: how should the state citizen be educated, what arts need to be encouraged, what kind of government should state adopt, who should govern and what rewards should the governor receive, what is the soul's nature and what afterlife and divine sanctions exist (Griffin et al., 2001). The dialogue proceeds to cover almost all aspects of Plato's thought. Platonic thought as described by several central aspects that exist in the dialogue can be summed up into three main points; the nature of justice, the ideal republic and the allegory of the divided line and the cave (which attempt to explain the theory of forms as perceived by Plato). THE IDEAL REPUBLIC According to Socrates, if a person can define what a just state looks like then the person can apply that analogously to the just man. Plato on his part exposes in detail how a state can have wisdom, courage, justice and temperament - four great virtues. In his utopia, Plato divides men

School Media Centers as Instructional Resources Research Paper

School Media Centers as Instructional Resources - Research Paper Example In order to realize this noble and challenging task, three major hurdles have always been on the way to successfully attain this mission. One, the ability and capacity of capturing information at its ‘rawest’ and at the appropriate time, so that it is not tempered with, for this the more the raw the data the better and more accurate it is, a proven fact. Because the reverse is very true, that when information is left unattended then it is prone to destruction if not getting lost. Secondly designing and developing systems that are able to store the data in the best form. The best form meaning been able to maintain the integrity and accuracy of the data. This includes provision of enough space of storage and the necessary media that is able to contain the huge and expanding volumes (Yetter, 1994). The last and not the least challenge is coming up with a methodology that is convenient and effective in accessing the information with ease. The above highlighted challenges can be collectively be addressed by the idea of an effective library media center. In the recent times, notably the role of library media has exponentially increased and tangible results are now clearly been witnessed. As we speak, one of the recurring matters of concerns especially in institutions is how to fully utilize the precious resource found in the library media to greatly impact student achievement (Crowley, 1995). This paper critically analyses the evolving role of library to improve student achievement for a brighter tomorrow. ... As a matter of fact they can collegiality show improvements, attitude and behavior of the students. Library media specialists are better placed to consider fresh ideas and are able to support one another for the benefit of the student (Gehlken, 1994). Research studies have showed that the integrated library programs positively impact on leadership, collaboration and student achievement when the library staff has the same experience as the classroom teacher, with the same qualification, information and learning resources, and problem solving and strategies in the ongoing job instructional plan. In deed library media specialists can exhibit leadership skills that can improve school forward in tackling some of the complex issues of this age of information (Crowley, 1995). They possess strong vision and values for their schools and area of specialization. They are positive models for the students and even other teachers as they understand the curriculum and the school very well. They own contact and influence with administrators and teachers and can extensively promote communication within and without school for the well being of the student. The preparation and recruitment of qualified and competent library workforce is a critical procedure in the success of the library media. This is because no matter how heavy investment is channel to other resources if human capital is not competent then this means that they will be a major loophole in the process and the required achievement among the students would not be achieved. The library staff shall be responsible for the daily operations of the facility as well as enactment of the various changes that need to be implemented so that the

Testing Liquids for polarity Essay Example for Free

Testing Liquids for polarity Essay Results and Observations: Liquids Results Shape of molecule or Lewis Structure Conclusions Distilled Water 4 cm of deflection The water molecule is very polar. This is because the only oxygen in the molecule is left with 2 lone pairs which give as a result an enormous negative center. On the other hand, the two H atoms are positive resulting into a very polar molecule. As a result, the stream of distilled water has a quite large deflection which almost went out of the beaker. Heptane 2 mm of deflection The deflection is very small, almost impossible to detect. Because of this we can conclude that this molecule is non-polar as no attraction towards the charged ruler is shown. Ethanol 3 to 4 cms of deflection In this case, the deflection of the stream is bigger and more obvious to human eye. As we can see in the structure of the molecule, the oxygen atom is left with 1 lone pair which makes it into a medium size negative center. However all the carbons and the hydrogen atoms in the left of the oxygen exert a positive charge bigger than the negative charge which makes it polar. However although there is polarity, the stream isnt deflected so much. Propanol 3 cm of deflection Although the structure of this molecule is quite similar to the one of HEPTANE, in the case of PROPANOL, we can see an oxygen atom which again is left with 1 lone pair1 which creates a negative center in the right of the molecule. However, this negativity is balanced thanks to the C and H atoms in the left. This is way this molecule is polar but not enough to deflect the stream so much. This is why it shows a medium deflection of 3 cms. Propanone 2 cm of deflection This molecule shows as very weak polarity because the only way of this molecule being polar is the double bonded Oxygen-Carbon bond. Oxygen is more electronegative than carbon which gives as a result a very weakly charged dipole. In conclusion, the stream wont deflect a lot. Ethanoic Acid 5 cm of deflection In the case of this molecule, we can see 2 O atoms which in total are left with 3 lone pairs which create a gigantic negative center. The rest of the atoms of the molecule arent capable of dealing with these forces so the molecule turns out extremely polar. This is why we can see a very big deflection in this case. Ethyl acetate 3 cm of deflection This is a moderately polar molecule which shows a medium deflection of the stream. This is because although it has 2 O atoms one of them located on the top of the molecule, the lone pairs of these O atoms cant exert that big amount of negative force as to create a very polar molecule. Another factor is the presence of H and C atoms in both sides of the O atoms which balance the forces of the lone pairs. In conclusion, although its a polar molecule, due to the position of the O atoms and the H and C atoms, Ethyl Acetate didnt deflected that much the stream Ethane-1,2-diol 4 to 5 cms of deflection This molecule is clearly polar because of the great deflection that is caused by it. There are two O atoms each one with a lone pair which creates a very powerful negative center which makes the molecule to be polar. Increasing Order of Polarity Downwards HEPTANE PROPANONE PROPANOL ETHYL ACETATE ETHANOL DISTILLED WATER ETHANE-1,2-DIOL ETHANOIC ACID Camilo Lovera Trujillo Testing Liquids for polarity Evaluation / Improvements: Limitations / Errors Improvements * Bad smell of substances. * Many of the substances we were working with, had a very strong and bad odor which spread all the way over the class. Due to this smell, many of the students found difficult to concentrate and to be able to record correctly the deflection of the streams. Its better if the students wear any type of mask or mouth covering so that focusing of students isnt affected by the smell. * Electrically-charged rod * For being able to deflect the stream of the substances it was necessary to have an electrically charged rod which could attract the stream However, is difficult to keep a fair test in charging the rule or the rod because it was possible that in some cases, the rod was more charged than others. A possible solution to this is to change the rod for a magnet or and object which is already magnetized so that the same attraction force is kept during all the experiment and no possible inaccuracy in the deflection of the streams can happen. * Deflection * The deflection, in some cases, was difficult to record. Unfortunately, we had no instrument to measure the deflection but our own eyes. It was possible to use the ruler but it was also very difficult as everything happened very fast. Due to this, there might be some inaccuracy in the results as they were recorded with what we saw and estimated to be the deflection. Maybe a way to help recording more accurately the information is to use instead of a beaker, a kind of deep transparent tray placed over a ruler so that is easier to measure the deflection Camilo Lovera Trujillo Testing Liquids for polarity Conclusion: In conclusion, this practical helped us to find the relationships between the Lewis structure or the molecule structure and the deflection the substances caused when they were near to an electrically-charged rod. From the observations and results we can also conclude that the C atoms reduce the polarity of the molecules as they created positive center in the molecule. However, it was thanks to the O atoms n most of the molecules that their polarity was considerably increased as they were left with lone pairs which helped to create negative center even bigger than the positive ones and due to this, deflect more the streams. On the other hand, theres a final conclusion to be made and is about the order of the polarity. Acids are the most polar substances just after the amides. In the case of Ethanoic Acid, we can see that it makes part of the most polar substances tested in this experiment as a result of the H bondings and the presence of the 2 atoms of O. Going down the list we will f ind: Alcohols, Ketones, Aldehydes, Amines, Esters, Ethers and Alkanes. Camilo Lovera Trujillo Testing Liquids for polarity Bibliography for Images of Lewis Structure and Molecular Structures: * http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/molecules/heptane.gif * http://www.uni-saarland.de/fak8/schneider/anichem/struktur/ethanol.gif * http://www.fisicanet.com.ar/quimica/organica/ap1/propanol01.gif * http://www2.open.ed.jp/data/37561/01/1221system/images/CH3COCH3.jpg * http://scienceaid.co.uk/chemistry/organic/images/ethanoicacid.jpg * http://www.steve.gb.com/images/molecules/alcohols/ethane-1,2-diol.png Bibliography for additional Information: * http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/213organicfcgp.html

Internet - Ethics of Hacking Essays -- Exploratory Essays Research Pap

Privacy Risks of Internet Wiretapping      Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract: In recent months, the FBI has taken steps to implement an Internet wiretapping scheme called Carnivore.   This paper discusses the possible risks of this system with respect to personal privacy, analyzes the technical flaws of the system that produce these risks, and discusses recent US Legislation to relax the statutory restrictions on its deployment and use.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On September 11, 2001, a group of terrorists carried out a methodically planned and almost perfectly executed attack on major sites in the United States, toppling two of the nation's highest buildings.   Two days later, on September 13, the US Senate unanimously approved legislation that may serve to topple one of its greatest freedoms: the right to privacy.   This legislation, which its drafters Orrin Hatch (R-UT) and Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) dubbed the "Combating Terrorism Act of 2001," would loosen restrictions on FBI wiretaps, including its nascent "Carnivore" Internet surveillance system [1].   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Carnivore is a system introduced by the FBI to provide it with "a 'surgical' ability to intercept and collect the communications which are the subject of a lawful order while ignoring those communications which [it is] not authorized to intercept" [2].   It works in a manner similar to a network packet sniffer, which intercepts and copies all bits of information that pass through a network.   It differs from a normal packet sniffer, however, in that it is designed to distinguish from the noise those bits of information which apply to a specific court order [2].     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is nothing new about the FBI conducting surveillance; what disinguishes Carnivore from past methods of surveillance... ...Answers."   http://www.pbs.org/cringely/pulpit/pulpit20000713.html, 13 July 2000. 4. Wingfield, Nick, et al.   "Earthlink Just Says No to FBI's Carnivore."   http://www.zdnet.com/zdnn/stories/news/0,4586,2603945,00.html, 14 July 2000. 5. http://www.aclu.org/action/carnivore107.html: An "Action Alert" from the American Civil Liberties Union urging people to speak out against Carnivore. 6. http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=6534&cid=933650: A comment from a semi-anonymous reader of the open-source advocacy site Slashdot.org. 7. http://www.senate.gov/legislative/vote1071/vote_00279.html: An official record of the voting that took place on the "Combating Terrorism Act of 2001," legislation that was introduced into the Senate. 8. http://www.fbi.gov/hq/lab/carnivore/letter3.htm: A letter to the Los Angeles Post from John E. Collingwood, an FBI spokesman

Report on Telstra Marketing Strategies Essay

AbstractMarketing strategies are the main drives for promoting a company’s products to increase its sales and to build its brand. With regards to competition, a company needs to strengthen their marketing strategies to stay competitive. With the intense competition in the telecommunication industry, marketing is an important element in Telstra to build its presence in the community. This report seeks to analyse Telstra’s marketing strategies and identify critiques help to point out the areas of development for Telstra. IntroductionFormed in 1901, Telstra is Australia’s oldest and largest telecommunication service provider, with a market share of 74.5%. Telstra was partially privatized by the Commonwealth Government in two public offerings in 1997 and 1999. Due to government deregulations September 2002, Telstra has begun to open itself to more competition and the company’s business has turned to be more transparent. Its current principle activities include a wide array of telecommunication and information products and services. As Telstra services a wide demographic of customers, their products are segmented according to different target markets. Market SegmentationUnder the management of its new CEO, Sol Trujillo, Telstra is aimed towards understanding and satisfying its customer needs (Shanahan 2006). New market research is to be conducted to satisfy different customer segments who had demonstrated different needs from the broader telecommunications industry. He mentions that, ‘when the market research had been completed, Telstra would have interviewed over 90,000 consumer customers and created a small business ‘panel’ of 16,000 businesses’. This thorough market research is being conducted as it was shown that there is a reducing market in the mobile segment (Corner, 2006). Marketing Strategy AnalysisAs Telstra is involved in the telecommunications and information services industry, the marketing strategies will be divided and analysed according to their respective industries. Telecommunication IndustryProductTelstra provides various products and services in the telecommunications industry. Among them are landlines, mobile phones and the internet. LandlinesTelstra owns and manages most public switched telephone network (PSTN) services. Most of Telstra’s revenues are generated from fixed-line services. However, its revenue from its fixed-line services has been declining due to the reduced number of local calls made. Among the fixed line products and services offered by Telstra are the business line plans, fixed and rental phones. Mobile PhonesTelstra has two core services in mobile phone communication – post-paid and pre-paid mobile phone plans. The company provides products such as mobile phones. As these mobile phone sales are a relatively small part of the total revenue these phones are to be viewed as a means to sell more plans. As Telstra emphasises on providing the latest technology in the industry, it has recently introduced its Next G network, which claims to be the largest, fastest mobile broadband network. Their mobile phone plans work as a base for beneficial segmentation. The casual plan allows for more flexibility for change, while the phone plans offers the added benefit of including a handset. InternetTelstra has a wide variety of Internet services, which is offered to a wide demographic of customers. Among the products offered are: dial-up, cable internet, ADSL, wireless, and satellite. Telstra brands its Internet service as Bigpond. With Bigpond Broadband, the internet is provided at a blisteringly fast speed. For more traditional Internet services, Telstra also offers dial-up and ISDN services. With these services, Telstra has segmented each service through pre-paid and business group plans. Its ISDN service is targeted to people with limited broadband availability. CritiquesTelstra seeks to increase its customer experience and satisfaction through reward programs and product bundling. Telstra has designed telecommunication plans that offer more options, value and control to meet the customer’s needs. One such example is that it offers the latest fixed phones that take some of the best features from mobile phones, such as address book and caller ID. Through product bundling, Telstra is able to package a combination of these services into one large offering and single bill service, which makes its mobile products more attractive for consumers. Although Telstra boasts on having a stable and reliable internet connection, its internet speed has been observed to perform poorly. According to ACCC chairman Graeme Samuel, â€Å"Telstra’s competitors have been offering ADSL2+ since 2005, but until now Telstra’s fastest DSL offering was a mere 1.5 megabits per second (mbps)†. It’s reluctance to switch to ADSL2+ has been based on the fear that the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission would â€Å"declare† it, thereby giving competitors access to ADSL2+ at controlled prices (Barker, 2006). Telstra does not use much of traditional advertising for fixed-line products and services such as billboards, banners and digital banners, but rather it spends most of its advertising on new products and services such as BigPond Broadband and the Next G network. This is made possible as Telstra monopolizes the landlines in Australia, and people would still use its fixed-line products and services. Telstra should continue doing this and to continue to spend more in marketing its new products and services to meet the demand of the emerging market. Given this, Telstra is gaining the demands for both its fixed-line and new products and services. PriceTelstra is focused on product line pricing, where products within the same product range are priced differently, depending on its features and benefits. This price discrimination is to assist Telstra in maximising their turnover and profit. LandlinesBusiness line plans are priced at $99.90 per month (including monthly Line Rental), where the customer can get unlimited local and STD calls and valued rates on calls to mobiles. For fixed home phones, the price ranges from $60 to $500. The average pricing for rental phones includes the provisioning fee of $20 plus $3.00 per month for rental. Mobile PhonesTelstra’s mobile services are priced according to mobile phone plans, with the model of the phone being the main determinant of their price, where the greater the features of the phone, the dearer the price. As Telstra is by large a service oriented company, they emphasise on communicating more on the benefits of their services, such as covering most parts of Australia and its supplementary services and network stability. InternetThe Bigpond Internet is priced according to the type of infrastructure used. For example, it’s prepaid dial-up lines have a fee range of $2 to $19.95 for a validity of up to 45 days, while their wireless service price ranges from $29.95 to $199.95 on a 12 month contract. CritiquesA comparison of the pricing component of Telstra’s marketing strategy with offerings from competitors such as Virgin and Optus reveals that Telstra does not always have the lowest rates. For example, Optus offers a cable connection of 20GB for $79.95, where as Telstra offers it for $99.95. Comparing the plans Optus has a better price in almost every internet product than Telstra. In addition to that, Optus provides free initial time for one or two months on a variety of their internet connections which lacks in Telstra. Telstra also has a slow internet speed compared to Optus. From Telstra’s mobile plans, its 24 month long phone plans provide the lowest call rates out of Telstra’s offerings while the two shorter member- and casual plans have more expensive call rates. Due to its wide network coverage, Telstra emphasizes on this feature, rather than pushing their price as their primary selling point. On the other hand, the company is trying to attract price conscious consumers with its money back promotion for pre-paid mobile plans. In mid-July 2005, Telstra launched a major advertising campaign, where they promote the benefit of gaining credit for doing nothing but talk. Customers can gain up to an extra $50 in call credit each month, 5 cent extra for each incoming minute and 1 cent extra for every outgoing minute. This promotion campaigns are created to outdo the competition from Optus and Vodafone. They engaged in price war in order to offer the best options. Here, customers are  benefiting from lower prices, but unfortunately it is not likewise for these companies. Here, the government’s implementation of the ceiling and floor price for telecommunications regulation is significant to avoid further price war. PlaceTelstra’s telecommunications products and services are widely available throughout Australia. Telstra has 115 owned Telstra branded stores and 153 licensed shops, with two of its largest licensors being the mobile phone chain Crazy John’s and Australia Post. In addition, the company also has a compelling web presence with a complete online shop for the purchasing of mobile phone plans, pre-paid refills, handsets and supplementary services such as ring tones and games. Telstra boasts of a strong internet presence, with its network covering almost 98% of the population, providing internet service to even the remotest area in Australia. CritiquesTelstra shops and dealers are strategically located across Australia. It attends to the need of the people in their respective area. Apart from its own dealers and shops, it also has Crazy John as its exclusive mobile phone dealers which are very reputable and successful dealers. Telstra definitely has the edge over its competitors in terms of numbers and locations. PromotionTelstra promotes its products through media, out-of home billboards and also through their in-store value-added product offerings. For example, the promotion of the Bigpond is done in variety of ways, such as using humor and celebrities through their advertisements and electronic billboards in train stations, advertisements on trams, and also on their website. Telstra also promotes their products and services through providing value-added components to attract customers and promote customer loyalty. For example, Telstra uses loyalty programs such as ‘Telstra Rewards’ for landlines. This loyalty program entitles eligible customers to receive a 5% or 10% discount off eligible calls and charges. It is also observed that product bundling is commonly used in Telstra as a means of attracting customers to sign up for their products and services at a cheaper price. For example, product bundling is targeted to families, where families are given the option of combining their Telstra bills at a cheaper price. Telstra also provides discounted Bluetooth headsets with selected fixed phones in its product offering. Telstra promotes heavily on its mobile phone offering through service improvements, such as covering 96 percent of Australia with its GSM network and 98 percent with its CDMA network. CritiquesTelstra is one of the country’s largest investor in out-of-home advertising, spending more than $A9 million during the first six months of 2005. Despite being one of the largest spenders on advertising, Telstra has to be wary of Optus, its close competitor in fixed-line service. Although revenue from its fixed-line services have been declining due to the increased dependence of mobile phones and the internet, little has been done to promote Telstra’s fixed line services. Again this is because more emphasize is being put into promoting its new products and services, and also the fact that fixed-line is declining in demand. Telstra billboards were located in the heart of the cities and traffic for people’s easy access. PeoplePeople are greatest asset for Telstra. In selling and marketing, Telstra aims to attract the best people by keeping them contented and encouraging them to grow and improve. Telstra develops their staff through a sophisticated development framework, including online development courses, frontline manager and leadership programs, and a comprehensive range of options that develop technical and interpersonal skills. Telstra strives to build a culture that respects and harnesses the individual differences that all people bring to an organization. Through the Telstra Business Principles and the Code of Conduct standards of appropriate business and ethical behaviors are valued and expected from all employees. CritiquesThrough mystery shopping and observation, the sales staffs are good at communicating. They are knowledgeable about the products and services featured. Telstra has a diversity of staff consisting from various non-English speaking backgrounds. This portrays Telstra’s success in maintaining its image as a company that values diverse workforce in order to  meet the customers’ needs. ProcessThe process of applying for Telstra’s telecommunication products and services are relatively easy, where customers can go through Telstra shops and dealers and also through the Internet. The process involves interacting with Telstra’s sales team and providing relevant documents when applying for their products. However, the mystery shopping revealed that the processes of the new users’ application for the latest technology next G network took a longer time to be completed which is due to unfamiliarity with the new product. Physical EvidenceProducts such as telephones, mobile phones and Internet hardware such as modems and routers are provided by Telstra. These products are often offered as value-added components to their service for customers when signing up with Telstra. Being a large establishment in this industry, Telstra has a strong 24 hour customer support, which provides assurance to consumers that Telstra are reliable. 2.Information servicesBeing a telecommunications provider, Telstra complements this service with a directory service, through Yellow Pages, White Pages and the Trading Post. Due to the increasing dependence on the internet, Telstra has designed Sensis as a search engine to bring together listed businesses in the directory under one umbrella. Product/ServiceTelstra’s information services operate under the brand name Sensis. Sensis is designed as a search engine for Australians, bringing together businesses listed in the Yellow Pages, White Pages and Trading Post under one search engine. It acts as a platform that brings together businesses and customers. Sensis has a large network partner, which includes some of Australia’s more popular websites, such as CitySearch and Whereis. CritiquesSensis should be commended on trying to build a reliable circle of trust through their partner networks. With these alliances, Sensis is able to build up its brand through popular websites and establish a high standard  of reliability. PriceSensis has its own unique pricing strategy, with BidSmart, which acts as a method that determines the priority of each business listed in a particular search. A company/business with a higher bid for listing in sensis.com.au will appear first compared to other businesses that have a lower bid with the same search phrase. At the end of the month, the price paid by each business is determined according to the number of ‘hits’ the websites get from search traffics. CritiquesThis pricing strategy is suitable for Sensis. Being a pioneer in providing directory services through the Internet, Sensis is able to create value for its advertisers, by allowing them to pay according to the number of ‘hits’ obtained. This is a good establishment for Sensis as it is able to attract more businesses to advertise with them without burdening the businesses with a fixed price as they continue to build the Sensis brand to attract more searches. PlaceSensis is available on the internet and is linked with their network partners. Recent collaborations with carshowroom.com.au are aimed to increase its recognition and customer traffic through the website. CritiquesTransferring Yellow Pages and White Pages to the internet under Sensis is a good move as people are now depending on the internet for faster information. In addition to that, people are not burdened with the hassle of the printed version of these two directories which are bulky and time-consuming when searching for information. PromotionSensis promotes itself by collaborating with websites such as carshowroom.com.au to increase its presence in the marketplace. Sensis’ public relations have also helped gain recognition through press releases and conferences. In addition, Sensis has published a book, Small Business, Big Opportunity and a new website for small businesses to aid Australian businesses to optimize their marketing and advertising skills. CritiquesAlthough Sensis does not focus on marketing through billboards and media advertisements, their logo can be found on Telstra websites and also on their partner network websites that aims to provide a level of interaction between their partners and Sensis. PeopleSensis is recognized as one of Australia’s leading employers, who strongly encourage an environment of learning, innovation and enjoyable. Behind these employees is a strong support system – its board of directors and executive team leaders who overlook the direction of the business. CritiquesThrough a phone interview enquiring Sensis’ service, the customer service staff was knowledgeable regarding the processes required to sign up for their services and was also friendly and helpful in providing advice on how to advertise on Sensis. ProcessThe process of signing up to advertise on Sensis is relatively straightforward with a step-by-step process. Businesses/advertisers would need to register with Sensis before submitting their advertisement to the Sensis search engine. These clients are given the option of choosing among 3 advertising packages to aid in their advertisement presentation. Other websites can form partnerships with Sensis through inserting a Sensis link onto their website. This can be done by downloading a program which integrates the link onto the website. CritiquesThis strategy is good as it provides a level of flexibility and control for clients. With the three types of packages, Sensis is able to attract a wider demographic of businesses to advertise with them as they will be able to address different business needs. Physical EvidenceSensis is available on the Internet, with approximately 100,000 searches per day. According to statistics, Sensis serves almost 13 million users every month and about 150,000 online advertising customers advertise with Sensis. CritiquesAlthough Telstra aims to make Sensis one of Australia’s premier  search engine, many people are unaware of the existence of Sensis as it has only been advertised through the Telstra website and their partner network search engines. Consumers are not aware of the significance of the Sensis logo on these websites, hence decreasing internet hits. Market research shows that Sensis is the 5th visited local search engine in Australia, with 0.39% market share. Although launched in 2004, Sensis has yet to make a big impact in the Australian internet scene. Due to the transition of White Pages onto Sensis, search engine results have been quite inaccurate, affecting its reliability and popularity (Jones, 2006). ConclusionAs the report progresses with the information about Telstra’s main products and services under two main industries; 1) Telecommunication industry and 2) Information services, Telstra’s marketing strategies are being critiqued using the marketing tool, the 7 P’s framework. In the telecommunication industry, Telstra’s marketing is more on media, billboards and value-added components. Also, it engages more in promoting its new products and services to capture the emerging market. Also, Sensis has helped Telstra to increase customer usage of the directory, thus the Telstra website which leads to a comprehensive information. In essence, the marketing strategies in its telecommunication industry is currently in good practice but its information service needs further promotion to create more reliability and data accurateness. References Barker G. 2006, Telco finally gets on ADSL2+ bandwagon, The Age, viewed 11 December 2006, Corner S. 2006, Telstra’s grand plan to know and serve its customers, ITWIRE, viewed 13 January 2007, Jones M. 2006, Sensis revs engine but Google still rules, Australian Financial Review, viewed 2 January 2007, Government Introduces Laws to Boost Telstra Competition, The Age.com.au, 26 September 2002, viewed on 20 December 2006,Optus, viewed 9 January 2007 Shanahan J. 2006, Consumer-centricity: An idea whose Time Has Come, Australian Marketing Institute, viewed on 5 December 2006, Sensis, viewed 10 January 2007, Telstra, viewed 9 January 2007